Periodontal disease also known as gum disease are infection problems that occur in the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth.
Although there is no abnormality in the structure of the tooth, the tooth can be completely lost due to the infection in the gum.
Periodontal diseases Can be seen in men, women, children, pregnant women, adolescents and the elderly. These diseases, which can affect one or more teeth, are quite common in the society. Usually, pain is not felt quickly, and it may cause tooth loss because of not going to the doctor early.
The tooth circumference; The fibers that connect the root of the tooth, gum, jawbone and tooth root with the jawbone support. All this structure periodontium It is called. Gingivitis Gingivitis, defined as, is a term that refers to conditions where the infection only affects the gums. Gingivisitis main symptoms; Redness in the gums, swelling, a brighter structure, a softer structure than normal, bad breath and rapid bleeding gums.
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What is periodontitis, what are its symptoms?
Periodontitis refers to the condition that occurs with the growth of problems in the gums, tooth root and other tissues around the tooth. Periodontitis The main symptoms are as follows;
- Bleeding in the gums
- Red, bluish, purplish discoloration of the gums
- Receding gums
- Swelling, enlargement of the gums
- Displacement between teeth
- Spacing in teeth
- Elongation of the gums
- Swing
- Abscess formation in the gum
- A more sensitive tooth structure
- Bone loss
- Bad breath
Infections in the surrounding and supporting area of the tooth cause aesthetic impairment, chewing disorder, tooth loss, rejection of therapeutic prostheses by the body.
What are the Types of Periodontal Diseases?
More than one periodontal disease There are varieties. The most common types of diseases can be listed as follows;
Gingivitis
Periodontal disease It is the most common and lightest of all varieties. People with this disease experience problems such as reddening, swelling / growth, and irritation in the tissues that support the gums and tooth periphery. It is important to be treated early to avoid any serious problems.
People who experience these symptoms should see the dentist as soon as possible. The biggest factor in the development of this disease is not paying attention to oral hygiene.
Chronic Periodontitis
Chronic periodontitis is a gum disease that is more common in adult individuals who have completed their adolescence. This disease, which progresses very slowly, is barely noticeable or ignored as a normal occurrence.
The disease causes great damage with the infection of the supporting tissues around the teeth. First, the gums begin to melt, then it continues with the melting of the fibers. Then the tooth bone melts and a hollow and protruding appearance is formed in the tooth.
Bacteria, food residues, microbial dental plaque and tartar that accumulate in these hollow structures cause further progression of the infection. The tissues are damaged and the bone support of the tooth is reduced. Disease symptoms are as follows;
- Dark red, purple gum color
- Receding gums
- Gap formation in teeth
- Elongation of the gums
- Rotation in the tooth
- Swing
- Dysfunction
- Waste accumulation between teeth and pockets
- Abscess formation
- Smell in the mouth
- Aesthetic appearance disorder
Light and medium level chronic periodontitis treatment does not require surgical intervention. More advanced chronic periodontitis In these cases, surgical intervention is performed. The causes of this disease include psychological problems, smoking, diabetes, and a weak immune system.
Aggressive Periodontitis
This disease is more severe than other gum diseases. Especially effective on young people aggressive periodontitis , it can be seen later or due to hereditary reasons.
This disease has two types, local and common. Local type; It shows very few symptoms associated with the gums. Problems such as pocket depth and bone destruction are observed. Common type; clinical symptoms are abundant and bone loss adversely affects a large number of teeth. It is a difficult disease to treat.
Periodontitis with Systemic Diseases
Diseases that affect the whole body and mouth structure (mouth and teeth) are called systemic diseases. Blood diseases, metabolic diseases, genetic diseases and most diseases affecting the immune system can show symptoms in the mouth. The treatment of this type of disease is not only done by the dentist.
Necrotic Periodontal Diseases
It is a type of disease that expresses the presence of triangular gums between the teeth and the disappearance of these flesh from top to bottom over time. If not intervened early or not treated, it causes bone resorption in the future.
Among the main causes of the disease; smoking, psychological problems, stress, and irregular oral care. Another important reason is AIDS disease. In the situations that occur for this reason, the patient feels severe pain and aches.
Gum Abscess and Periodontal Abscess
Substances that come into contact with the gums from the external environment can cause abscess formation in the gums. This may be caused by ingrown bone, external injuries. Abscess formation causes redness, swelling and pain in the area concerned. Periodontal abscess However, it occurs due to advanced bone resorption in the mouth structure and damage to the internal tissues due to the accumulation of bacteria and food residues in the hollow structure. Symptoms such as pus flow, red / purple color, pain can be observed.
How Does Healthy Gums Look?
A healthy gum; It is light pink in color. It has a matte appearance and has a firm consistency. The tooth surface should have an appearance resembling a knife edge. Also, there should be no bleeding during proper brushing.
What is a Bacteria Plate?
Bacteria plate is caused by bacteria that live in colonies on a tooth, which are yellow in color, soft, sticky and difficult to separate from the area. to the biofilm layer called. As a result of the substances secreted by the bacteria living in the plaque, the gums and gum bones are negatively affected and cause gum diseases.
Causes Bleeding in Gums?
The main cause of bleeding in people with damaged gums is plaque buildup in the gum line.
Plaque hardens into the calculus, causing bleeding first, then advanced gum (periodontitis) and jaw bone diseases causes. In case of persistent recurrent bleeding, a dentist should be consulted and treatment should be initiated early in order to prevent a disease or progress.